November. The month of pumpkin spice, cozy sweaters, and… gardening? Absolutely! While the days get shorter and the temperatures drop, there's still plenty you can plant to enjoy fresh produce and beautiful blooms throughout the winter and into the spring. Forget hibernating; let's get planting! This guide will arm you with the knowledge to make the most of your November gardening efforts, no matter your climate (within reason, of course - we can't perform miracles!).
Before you start digging, a little reconnaissance is in order. The first thing to consider is your local climate. November's a broad church, weather-wise. Are you facing mild conditions, or are you already knee-deep in frost? Research the average first frost date in your area - this will heavily influence what you can plant. Another crucial element is sunlight. As the days shorten, choose areas in your garden that receive the most direct sunlight. Finally, consider your soil. Is it well-draining? Adding compost or well-rotted manure will give your plants a head start.
Cool-season vegetables are the stars of the show in November. These hardy varieties thrive in cooler temperatures and often benefit from a touch of frost. Think of them as the stoic warriors of the garden. Some of the easiest and most rewarding options to plant this month include leafy greens, root vegetables, and certain alliums. Even if you get a sudden cold snap, some of these plants will be surprisingly resilient. For instance, kale and spinach often taste sweeter after a bit of frost.
Don't forget about flowers! Many flowering plants can be planted now for a stunning spring display. Bulbs, in particular, are a fantastic choice. Planting them in November allows them to establish roots before the ground freezes, resulting in vibrant blooms when spring arrives. You can also plant hardy annuals and perennials for an early start. With a bit of planning, your garden can remain vibrant and beautiful even during the dreariest months.
Let's get down to the nitty-gritty. Here's a breakdown of what you can plant in November, categorized for your convenience. Remember to always check the specific requirements for your local climate and chosen varieties:
Leafy Greens: These are a November gardener's best friend. Plant varieties like spinach, kale, lettuce (loose-leaf varieties are particularly good), arugula, and mustard greens. They can often withstand light frosts and provide a continuous harvest throughout the winter, especially if you use row covers or a cold frame.
Root Vegetables: Root vegetables love cooler temperatures and provide an excellent source of sustenance. Plant carrots (choose fast-maturing varieties), radishes (they're quick!), turnips, and parsnips. Remember to prepare the soil well, as root vegetables need loose soil to develop properly. For extra protection, consider mulching around your plants.
Alliums: Garlic and onions can be planted in the fall in many regions. This gives them a head start and encourages strong root growth. They'll be ready to harvest next summer. Plant onion sets or garlic cloves directly into the ground, and water them well.
Spring-Flowering Bulbs: Now is the time to plant bulbs like tulips, daffodils, hyacinths, and crocuses. They need a period of cold dormancy to bloom. Plant them at the recommended depth (usually 2-3 times their height) and water them well after planting. If your area experiences harsh winters, consider mulching them for added protection.
Hardy Annuals and Perennials: Certain annuals and perennials can be planted in November, particularly in milder climates. Consider pansies, violas, snapdragons, and dianthus for a touch of color. Check your local nursery for recommendations based on your area's hardiness zone. Remember that young plants will need protection from harsh weather.
Cover Crops: If you have empty garden beds, consider planting cover crops like winter rye or fava beans. They protect the soil from erosion, suppress weeds, and improve soil health. They can then be turned into the soil in the spring to add nutrients.
Winter Protection: Regardless of what you plant, be prepared to protect your plants from the elements. Use mulch to insulate the soil, row covers or cloches to protect from frost, and consider building a cold frame or greenhouse if you want to extend your growing season further.
Planting is only half the battle. Proper care is essential to ensure your plants thrive. Watering is crucial, but don't overwater. Check the soil moisture regularly and water only when necessary, especially during periods of mild weather. Avoid watering during the coldest parts of the day.
Weeding is important. Although weed growth slows down in November, it doesn't stop entirely. Remove weeds promptly to prevent them from competing with your plants for nutrients and sunlight. Mulching can also help suppress weeds.
Fertilizing. Generally, it's best to avoid heavy fertilization in November, as plants are slowing down their growth. However, you can apply a layer of compost or well-rotted manure to provide nutrients and improve soil structure. Be careful not to overdo it - too much fertilizer can be detrimental.
Observation is key. Regularly inspect your plants for any signs of pests or diseases. Take action immediately if you notice any issues. Protective measures, such as row covers, can deter pests and prevent damage. Proper air circulation can also help prevent diseases.
In November, you can plant various cool-season vegetables that thrive in cooler temperatures. These include leafy greens like spinach, kale, and lettuce; root vegetables such as carrots, radishes, and turnips; and alliums like garlic and onions. The best choices depend on your specific climate and local hardiness zone. Consider using row covers or cold frames to extend the harvest season.
November is an ideal time to plant spring-flowering bulbs, such as tulips, daffodils, and hyacinths. Plant them after the soil temperature has cooled down, but before the ground freezes. Follow the planting instructions for your specific bulb varieties, paying attention to depth and spacing. Ensure the soil is well-drained to prevent rot. Mulching after planting helps insulate the bulbs and protect them from the elements.
Protect your November plantings from frost by using several methods. Mulch the soil to insulate the roots. Use row covers or cloches to create a microclimate that's warmer than the surrounding environment. Consider building a cold frame or a small greenhouse for more extensive protection. In extreme cold, you can cover plants with blankets or old sheets overnight. Regularly check the weather forecast and be prepared to take action when frost is predicted.